What was the first city to build an underground railway?

1.France .
2 china .
3 Japan .
4.London






 Ans : 4

        

London's Metropolitan Railway opened to the public on 10th January, 1863.


London is the first city with an underground railway system. The first construction plans were proposed as soon as the 1830's. The capital of Great Britain had been developing very rapidly in that period. The number of people coming to the city vibrant with life had been increasing. New houses, shops and banks had been built. The newly built streets became crowded very quickly. The city authorities noticed a problem in the harmful and dangerous street crowding of the ever expanding city. The decision to build the first underground railway lines was made in 1945 and the first passengers travelled the Paddington-Farringdon line on the 10th of January 1863. The opening ceremony was conducted by Queen Victoria.
The first underground line was built with the opencast method and steam trains were used to carry passengers. The first electric drive trains were introduced in 1890. The line was named Metropolitan Railway, hence the international and popular term for urban railway - Metro.
The first lines of the London Underground were built by several private and independent of each other corporations. Companies cooperated with each other very unwillingly, which caused communicational chaos and made traveling by the Underground difficult. Not until 1933 did almost all the Underground lines become property of the state and were integrated later. At that time London Passenger Transport Board was brought to life.
A historical titbit, connected with the construction of the oldest underground railway in the world is that the first underwater tunnel that has ever been built is the tunnel under the Thames River. It was built by Sir Marc Brunel and his son Isambard in 1843 r. Initially designed for horse traffic, the tunnel became part of the London Underground in 1869.